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Sambhaji G. Chavhan ¹, R. S. Brar ¹, H. S. Banga ¹, H. S. Sandhu ², S. Sodhi ¹, P. D. Gadhave ¹, V. R. Kothule ¹

Affiliations
1 Departments of Veterinary Pathology, GADVASU, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, IN
2 Departments of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, GADVASU, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, IN

Abstract

A study was conducted to examine the clinical signs, hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes in vitamin D₃ toxicity at a dose rate 2 mg/kg b.wt. of vitamin D₃ and to assess the protective effect of Aloe vera in vitamin D₃ toxicity. The clinical signs observed were anorexia, progressive weight loss, difficulty in movement and respiration, diarrhea, epistaxis, subnormal body temperature and nervous signs before death. Mortality was observed in treated rats between day 10 and day 19 of treatment. The gross postmortem changes observed were severe emaciation, white chalky deposits on epicardial surface of heart, pin point white deposits on cortical surface of kidneys with pale yellow discoloration and diffused white deposits on serosal surface of stomach and intestine with bloody ingesta in lumen. The hematological changes included non-significant increase in hemoglobin and total leukocyte count and significant increase in relative neutrophil count. The biochemical changes observed were significant increase in plasma concentration of calcium, phosphorus and blood urea nitrogen, whereas a significant decrease in the concentration of albumin and total plasma protein was observed. The histopathological lesions included calcification of various organs, viz., tongue, stomach, intestines, kidney, heart, aorta, larynx, trachea, lungs, spleen, choroid plexus arteries of brain and vas deferens. The Aloe vera juice (2.5% in drinking water) has no protective effect on vitamin D₃ toxicity (2 mg/kg b.wt.).

Keywords

Aloe vera, calcification, histopathological lesions, hypercalcemia, vitamin D₃ toxicity

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H. S. Banga ¹, S. Deshmukh ¹, R. S. Brar ¹, P. D. Gadhave ¹, S. G. Chavhan ², H. S. Sandhu ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, GADVASU, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, GADVASU, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab
3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, GADVASU, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Incidence of drug-induced gastritis and ulceration in human medicine is well established. Besides, unilateral hemangioma, a unique concurrent case of tetracycline induced gastric toxicity in a dog, characterized by gastritis and ulceration is being reported here. Grossly, the appearance of gastric ulcers mimicked the appearance of Italian pizza. Histological examination further supported drug-induced etiology in this case. This is probably the one of the few cases in the annals of veterinary medicine to be documented as drug-induced gastric toxicity in dog.

Keywords

Dogs, doxycycline, gastritis, histopathology, tetracyclines

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A. M. Kammon ¹, R. S. Brar ¹, S. Sodhi ¹, H. S. Banga ¹, H. S. Sandhu ²

Affiliations
1 Departments of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN
2 Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, IN

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the putative neuropathological effects in young chickens after administration of a single dose of 55 mg/kg bw chlorpyrifos. The gross lesions of the nervous system comprised of congestions in the brain. Microscopic examination of brain showed mild congestion of cerebral blood vessels and mild perivascular cuffing of lymphomononuclear cells in the cerebral cortex and necrosis of the neurons. The interesting findings were the presence of cytoplasmic vacuolations of cerebral neurons and swelling of the endothelial cell of the cerebral capillaries. Cerebellum showed congestion and hemorrhages in the granular layer and necrosis of Purkinje cell. Sciatic nerve exhibited mild edema, swelling and degeneration of axons, and swelling of Schwann cells. There was a significant inhibition of plasma cholinesterase enzyme activity in chickens administered with chlorpyrifos compared to chickens of control group. The study revealed that administration of chlorpyrifos produces neuropathological lesions in chickens shortly after exposure.

Keywords

Chickens, chlorpyrifos, neuropathological effects

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K. K. Grewal ¹, G. S. Sandhu ¹, Ranjit Kaur ¹, R. S. Brar ², H. S. Sandhu ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, S.G.N. Khalsa College, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, IN
2 Departments of Veterinary Pathology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, IN
3 Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, IN

Abstract

In the present investigation, the behavioral, morphological, and histopathological effects of cypermethrin, a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, was ascertained in male and female albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). Cypermethrin administered at repeated oral doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg/day for 30 days produced varying degree of mild to moderate toxic symptoms and behavioral changes in both male and female rats. The lower dose produced very mild toxicosis characterized by intermittent diarrhea, decreased feed intake, and thick eye discharge, whereas higher dose displayed mild to moderate toxicosis with diarrhea, decreased feed intake, loss of body weight, dyspnoea, ataxia, eye discharge, and salivation. Two female and one male albino rats died between 23 to 28 days after displaying signs of incoordination and tremors. Repeated oral doses of cypermethrin for 30 days enhanced the relative weight of liver and heart, but significantly decreased that of brain, kidneys, and testes. Microscopically, cypermethrin produced neuronal degeneration and increase in glial cells in brain, and disorganization of hepatic laminae, increase in sinusoid, and necrosis of hepatocytes in liver. Section of kidney displayed hemorrhage and sloughing off renal epithelial cell in the convoluted tubules, shrinkage of glomeruli, and necrosis of renal tubules. Repeated administration of cypermethrin also produced hemorrhages within myocardium, disruption of branching structure, and loss of striation of cardiac tissue; thickening of alveolar septa in lungs, partial to extensive loss of various stages of spermatogenesis in testes, and loss of follicular cells and oocytes in ovaries. The study suggested that repeated oral exposure of cypermethrin has considerable harmful effects on body organs in R. norvegicus.

Keywords

Albino rats, cypermethrin, histopathology, insecticides, pyrethroids

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Nirmal Singh ¹, R. S. Brar ¹, Shankar B. Chavan ², Jaswant Singh ³

Affiliations
1 Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141 004, IN
2 Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110 016, IN
3 University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, CA

Abstract

This study presents scientometric analysis and network visualization of journal articles on Nipah virus for a better understanding of research trends on the subject. Metadata of journal articles were retrieved from Scopus database in 2018. After filtration of irrelevant and incomplete records, 1007 records were analysed to examine the publishing trends on Nipah virus. The network visualization was accomplished using ‘VOSviewer’, ‘Gephi’ and ‘Sciencescape’ software. Results revealed inconsistent growth of articles on the subject. There were only few productive authors with ≥ 15 records, but others contributed on the subject occasionally. The United States (as a country) and North America (as continent) led the world in terms of contribution to the number of articles (n = 469 and 522 records respectively). Six leading institutes contributed to ≥50 records each. Out of 373 journals, ten core journals published 31% of the total journal articles. Predominant topics discussed in the articles included: characterization, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, transmission, outbreaks and vaccine development. A great degree of inter-country and inter-continent collaboration was detected among the US, Australia, Malaysia, United Kingdom and Bangladesh, depicting that the developed world is working in association with the developing nations to tackle the problem.

Keywords

Bibliometrics, Collaboration, Nipah Virus, Scientometrics, Visualization.

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